Part 1 | Market Analysis

1. Analysis of the Chinese NEV Market

1.1 Types of new energy vehicles

1.1.1 Mainstream Types and Characteristics of New Energy Vehicle Market (BEV/PHEV/HEV)

 

The current mainstream types of vehicles in the new energy vehicle market are pure electric, plug-in hybrid, and hybrid.

Pure electric vehicle (BEV) is an electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in a rechargeable battery pack. BEV uses electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICE) for propulsion. Therefore, pure electric vehicles do not have internal combustion engines, fuel cells, or fuel tanks, and only obtain all energy through battery packs.

Plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a type of hybrid electric vehicle where the battery can be charged by inserting an external power source, as well as its on-board engine and generator.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a hybrid vehicle that combines traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) systems with electric propulsion systems (hybrid vehicle transmission systems).

Compared to hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a larger battery capacity and can travel longer distances using electricity. Electric drive accounts for a higher proportion of PHEVs and has less dependence on the engine. In hybrid vehicles, the existence of battery power systems aims to achieve better fuel economy or performance than traditional vehicles.

 

1.1.2 Fuel cell vehicles

 

Fuel cell vehicles, as another technological route in the new energy vehicle market, have received strong government support and may become one of the mainstream markets in the future.

Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are also electric vehicles (EVs) that are driven by chemical reactions using fuels such as hydrogen or methanol. It includes fuel cell stacks, high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, electric motors, and power control systems.

 

Compared with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of long driving range, short charging time, and zero emissions. But it also has the drawbacks of high manufacturing costs and immature infrastructure. Currently, the cost of hydrogen is high and the supply of hydrogen cannot keep up with the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology.

 

1.2 Scale and Forecast of China's New Energy Passenger Vehicle Market

 

The new energy passenger vehicle market in China has grown rapidly by 54.7% in the past few years. According to the Zhikai Consulting model, from 2018 to 2025, the new energy passenger vehicle market will maintain a rapid growth of 24%. The main driving force for the growth of China's new energy passenger vehicle market is government policies, such as the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan" and the "New Energy Vehicle Dual Credit Policy".

 

At the same time, manufacturers are also vigorously developing new energy vehicles to respond to government regulations and generate profits.  

 

At present, the national policy tends to develop pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles, both of which have a higher market growth rate than hybrid vehicles. In addition, due to the high difficulty of hybrid technology, hybrid vehicles are not considered the mainstream of technology research and development in the domestic market. Therefore, in the short term, hybrid vehicles will still not have a high growth rate.

 

1.3 Competitive Landscape of China's New Energy Vehicle Market

1.3.1 2018 New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprise Market

 

In 2018, the concentration ratio of the new energy vehicle industry was relatively high, and the top ten manufacturing enterprises accounted for 75% of the market of the whole industry. Except for BYD, the gap between the top ten new energy vehicle manufacturing companies is not significant.

Although subsidies have gradually decreased, new energy vehicles have still achieved explosive growth due to the dual point policy. Compared to last year, except for BYD and BAIC New Energy, the ranking has undergone significant changes. Zhidou and Jiangnan in Hunan both fell out of the top ten. On the contrary, BAIC, Huatai, and Jiangling Motors entered the top ten.

The top ten automobile manufacturers accounted for 75% of the market share, a slight increase compared with 70.4% in 2017, but compared with 91.3% in 2016, the market share decreased significantly, and the market concentration ratio declined.

 

1.3.2 2018 Pure Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprise Market

 

Pure electric vehicles are the main part of new energy vehicles. The industry is relatively concentrated, with the top ten manufacturing companies accounting for over 75% of the market share. In 2018, Huatai Automobile was the fastest-growing company, with a growth rate of 313.9%. Huatai Automobile has gained a large market share mainly through the low price advantage obtained through subsidies for EV160 and Santa Fe EV.

SAIC's independent brand Roewe Ei5 has relatively high market awareness and market share, so SAIC's market share also experienced significant growth in 2018.

1.3.3 2018 Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprise Market

 

In response to policies and meeting market demand, more and more car manufacturers are releasing their own brand of plug-in hybrid vehicles.

 

Since 2017, many new plug-in hybrid vehicles have entered the market, such as the BYD Song, SAIC Roewe i6, Geely Borui GE, and SAIC MG6. BYD's Tang, Song, and Qin series sold 470573907536832 respectively in 2018, accounting for the main part of BYD's sales. As a result, BYD became the top player in the market, with a market share of 51.7%. The second largest selling model of SAIC Motor Corporation is the Roewe i6, which sold 33347 units in 2018.

 

The average range of plug-in hybrid vehicles in the industry has not changed much, fluctuating at 70km. However, the average range of the pure electric vehicle industry has significantly improved from 200km in 2016 to 275km in 2018.

 

1.3.4 2018 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Market

 

Due to policy preferences, hybrid vehicles are not an important niche market in China, mainly produced and sold by Japanese brand joint ventures.

 

Although hybrid vehicles account for over 17% of China's new energy vehicle market sales, they are not an important component of China's new energy vehicle industry due to the lack of support from Chinese policies and the high technical difficulty. The main manufacturing and sales companies of hybrid vehicles are Toyota, Honda, and SAIC. These car companies' global development strategies for new energy vehicles all have a layout for hybrid vehicles.

 

The sales layout of hybrid vehicles in China will be concentrated in some cities, such as Tianjin and Guangzhou. These cities have clear supportive local policies for hybrid vehicles, such as license plate discounts and subsidies.

1.3.5 Development Trend and Forecast of Fuel Cell Vehicle Market

 

Fuel cell vehicles are still in the trial operation stage. It is rapidly developing and may become an important component of the new energy vehicle market in the future.

 

In China, most fuel cell vehicles are logistics vehicles and buses. Most companies also invest in these two areas. In 2018, the sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles reached 1527 units. Due to the weak industrial foundation and high dependence on external technology, hydrogen fuel cell technology is currently more suitable for the operation of commercial vehicles. Through the trial operation of commercial vehicles, hydrogen energy technology is continuously accumulated to improve product performance, achieve cost reduction, and further achieve commercialization.

 

The energy conversion rate (chemical energy electrical energy) of fuel cells is close to 100%, making it the highest thermal efficiency generator set to date. Fuel cells not only combine high energy and high power, but also have controllable safety.

 

1.4 Trends in the Chinese New Energy Vehicle Market

 

Rapid development with huge market potential

 

Under the promotion of policies and the market, even with a decrease in subsidies, the new energy vehicle market will continue to maintain rapid growth in the future. Although the growth rate will gradually decrease, it is expected to reach approximately 5.54 million vehicle sales by 2025, achieving a compound growth rate of 24%.

 

The mainstream technology direction in the market will not change

 

Pure electric vehicles will continue to be the mainstream in the domestic market in the future. The market share of plug-in hybrid vehicles will increase. Although hybrid vehicles will also grow rapidly, due to policy reasons, their market share is limited. Fuel cell vehicles will continue to improve their technology and infrastructure in the next 3-5 years, and may become mainstream in the market in the longer term (within 10-15 years).

 

Industry competition intensifies, and concentration ratio will decrease

 

The industry competition will gradually intensify, but the industry concentration ratio will decline, and the top ten automobile manufacturing enterprises will undergo tremendous changes. In addition to traditional enterprises, new energy vehicle manufacturing forces such as NIO may occupy an increasing market share and even enter the top ten.

 

2. Review of Policy and Its Impact on The Industry

2.1 Development History of New Energy Vehicle Policy Guidance

 

2014.08

Release the list of the first batch of new energy vehicles exempt from vehicle purchase tax.

 

In 2014 and 2015, subsidies for pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles will decrease by 10% and 20% compared to the 2013 standard.

 

2015.05

New energy vehicles and ships are exempt from vehicle and ship taxes, while energy-saving vehicles and ships are subject to a halving of vehicle and ship taxes.

 

4% tax on batteries and coatings, and tax exemption on mercury free batteries, nickel hydride batteries, lithium primary batteries, lithium ion batteries, solar cell fuel cells, etc.

 

2016.01

From 2016 to 2020, the central government will continue to invest funds to reward the construction and operation of charging infrastructure.

 

2016.08

Carbon quotas refer to the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of new energy vehicles produced (excluding exports) and imported by automobile companies compared to gasoline vehicles during their use. Manufacturing enterprises can obtain carbon credits through the production or import of new energy vehicles or from market transactions.

 

2016.12

The Ministry of Public Security has launched the "New Energy Vehicle License Plate" to better identify new energy vehicles, and has piloted the first batch of pilot projects in five cities: Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Jinan, and Shenzhen.

 

2017.09

The overall ratio requirements for new energy vehicle points in 2019 and 2020 are 10% and 12%, respectively.

 

2018.06

Starting from June 12th, China will begin implementing new subsidies, and new cars with a range of less than 150 kilometers will no longer enjoy subsidies.

 

2019.07

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued a draft for soliciting opinions on the revision of double points, which has made modifications to the scope of application, calculation methods for vehicle model points, and transfer policies. It has also proposed requirements for the proportion of new energy vehicle points for 2021, 2022, and 2023.

 

2.2 Subsidy policies

 

The subsidies for pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are gradually decreasing, and the subsidy requirements are also becoming increasingly strict.

 

For pure electric vehicles, almost all pure electric range levels show a steady decline in subsidies year by year. For plug-in hybrid vehicles, the subsidy decreased from 35000 to 10000 from 2013 to 2017.

 

Since 2016, subsidies for pure electric vehicles with a range of less than 100 kilometers have been abolished. Two years later, subsidies for pure electric vehicles with a range of 100 to 150 kilometers were also cancelled.

 

In 2019, only pure electric vehicles with a range greater than 250 kilometers received a subsidy of 18000 yuan when 250 ≤ R<400, and 25000 yuan when R ≥ 400.

 

Subsidies are expected to continue to decline and will be completely eliminated by the end of 2020.

 

2.3 Management Measures for Double Points

2.3.1 Introduction to Double Points Policy

 

At present, a parallel management method is implemented for the average fuel consumption of passenger car enterprises and the credits for new energy vehicles.

 

The average fuel consumption score (CAFC) for passenger cars requires traditional automobile companies to reduce fuel consumption, while the New Energy Vehicle Score (NEV) for enterprises aims to improve the production and sales of new energy vehicles. The dual point policy not only takes into account the advantages of new energy vehicles, but also warns the main engine factories that produce high energy consuming fuel vehicles, and rewards and punishes relevant main engine factories through free trading of NEV points.

 

Simply put, the new energy vehicle points of passenger car companies are closely related to the range of new energy vehicles produced by the company. In other words, the higher the battery capacity and range of new energy vehicles produced by the main engine factory, the higher the new energy vehicle points obtained by a single model. The "Measures" have made clear provisions for the calculation of points for new energy vehicles, and a detailed explanation is provided here.

 

According to the "Calculation Method for New Energy Passenger Vehicle Model Points", the new energy passenger vehicles produced by the enterprise are calculated according to the following table.

 

According to the "Measures", starting from 2019, each main engine factory must use a certain proportion of its production of fuel vehicles as the standard score for new energy vehicles. This number was 10% in 2019 and 12% in 2020.

 

According to the revised draft of the dual scoring management method released in June 2019, the proportions for 2021, 2022, and 2023 were 14%, 16%, and 18%, respectively.

 

For example, the main engine factory A produced 10000 traditional energy vehicles in 2019, with a new energy vehicle score of 1000. It can be vividly understood that the new energy score standard value is the "quota" that each main engine factory strives for to produce traditional energy vehicles.

 

The revised draft has reduced the points for vehicles with the same range, reduced the impact of pure electric vehicles' range on the calculation model, and guided enterprises to continuously optimize vehicle energy consumption levels and improve quality and safety levels.

 

2.3.2 Comparison of Double Point Policies between China and the United States

 

Compared to California, China's new energy credit requirements are more aggressive and strict.

 

 

2.3.3 The impact of the dual point policy on the industry

 

Compared to the situation already disclosed in 2017, the average negative energy consumption score of Chinese passenger car companies generally increased in 2018. Considering that car companies generally reduced the energy consumption of their new models in 2018, the increase in negative scores should be due to the reduction of the proportion amplification factor from 128% to 120% when calculating the energy consumption target value. It can be seen that major passenger car manufacturers still need to reduce the energy consumption of new models and reduce the production of high-energy models, Produce more new energy vehicles or seek cooperation from major new energy vehicle manufacturers.

 

2.4 Battery testing requirements

2.4.1 GB/T 31467 Lithium Electronic Power Battery Pack and System for Electric Vehicles (For a complete report, please contact Zhikai for consultation)

 

2.4.2 GB/T 31485 Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles (For a complete report, please contact Zhikai for consultation)

 

2.4.3 GB/T 18384 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles (For a complete report, please contact Zhikai for consultation)

 

2.5 Policies and Their Impact on the Industry

 

Subsidies will gradually decrease until the end of 2020

 

Subsidies will continue to decrease, and the requirements for subsidized new energy vehicles will become increasingly strict. The subsidy is expected to be cancelled before the end of 2020.

 

The dual point policy will become increasingly strict

 

The dual point policy may further increase the requirement for the proportion of new energy vehicles and strengthen encouragement and guidance for low fuel consumption mode vehicles such as PHEVs. It is also possible to further improve the standards for evaluating existing technologies.

 

Need to pay attention to changes in new energy vehicle license plate policies

 

The license plate policy for new energy vehicles has an important impact on consumers' purchase of new energy vehicles, especially in cities with license plate restrictions. Currently, only pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles can obtain green new energy vehicle licenses, while hybrid vehicles do not. If there are changes in policies in this area in the future, the structure of new energy vehicle products in the market will be reshaped.

 

3. Battery Segment

3.1 History and Future of Battery Development

 

1996

 

The world's first modern electric vehicle, General Motors released the EV1, powered by 32 lead-acid batteries.

 

1997

 

Toyota is launching its first Prius hybrid vehicle using high-power Ni-H batteries.

 

2006

 

Zhongtong successfully produced the first series hybrid electric bus, with a lithium manganese oxide battery as the power battery.

 

In 2006, BYD successfully developed its first F3e electric vehicle equipped with iron phosphate batteries.

 

2008

 

Tesla is the world's first electric vehicle company to use ternary lithium batteries. It is the first to use lithium cobalt oxide batteries on the electric vehicle Roadster.

 

2011

 

The largest Bolor Group in France has officially launched the "Autolib" passenger car, which is the world's first electric vehicle to use solid-state batteries.

 

After 2025

 

Lithium sulfur battery is a type of lithium battery with sulfide as the positive electrode and lithium metal as the negative electrode.

 

Lithium air battery is a new type of high capacity lithium air battery jointly developed by the Japan Institute of Industrial Technology and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

 

3.2 Power Battery Market

3.2.1 Market scale of power batteries

 

The power battery market is developing rapidly and has huge market potential.

 

The power battery industry achieved rapid development from 2011 to 2018 due to the rapid development of new energy vehicles and battery technology, achieving a compound annual growth rate of 80.7%.

 

In addition to supplying domestic automobile manufacturing enterprises, domestic battery companies are also seeking cooperation with world-class automobile manufacturing enterprises. Ningde Times has entered the supply chains of BMW and Volkswagen, and directly competes with Japanese and Korean companies in the international market.

3.2.2 Market share of power batteries

 

The battery market is very concentrated. Ningde Times and BYD have a market share of 61%, far surpassing other manufacturers.

 

Compared with 2017, the market concentration ratio in 2018 has further improved. As the former third-largest power battery manufacturer, Waterma experienced a funding chain rupture in 2018, resulting in almost closure. Its 7% market share has been snatched by other companies.

 

In 2018, car manufacturers began collaborating with more battery manufacturers and supporting their own battery suppliers. For example, Lishen became a supplier of Chang'an New Energy Vehicles, while Funeng became a supplier of BAIC Motor.

 

Since 2017, subsidies for new energy buses have been decreasing. Guoxuan shifted its focus from supplying new energy buses to passenger cars, resulting in a growth rate of 51.22%. But Guoneng still focuses on supporting new energy buses, which has resulted in almost no change in its sales.

 

3.2.3 Supporting relationship between car companies and lithium battery companies (please contact Zhikai for a complete report)

3.3 Power Battery Segmentation Market

3.3.1 Battery classification based on chemical systems

3.3.1.1 Introduction and comparison of different types of batteries (ternary lithium battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, etc.)

 

Ternary lithium batteries refer to batteries that use cathode material such as nickel cobalt lithium manganate or nickel cobalt lithium aluminate.

 

Advantages: High energy density and high vibration density

 

Disadvantages: poor safety, poor high-temperature performance, and short cycle life

 

Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to the battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material.

 

Advantages: Long cycle life, high charging and discharging rate, good safety, good high-temperature resistance, and low cost

 

Disadvantages: Low energy density and low vibration density

 

Lithium manganese oxide battery refers to a battery that uses lithium manganese oxide as the cathode material.

 

Advantages: High compaction density, low cost, and good low-temperature performance

 

Disadvantages: Poor high-temperature performance and short cycle life

 

Lithium titanate battery refers to a battery that uses lithium titanate as the negative cathode material.

 

Advantages: Good cycling performance, safety, and fast charging and discharging capability

 

Disadvantages: Low capacity density and poor conductivity

 

3.3.1.2 Power battery segment market share

 

The ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery are currently the most widely used, and are mainly used in pure electric vehicles.

 

In terms of installed capacity of power batteries, pure electric vehicle power batteries account for the vast majority of the market, reaching 93%.

 

The market share of different types of power batteries is directly related to the share of different vehicle models. Specifically, the batteries installed in pure electric passenger cars account for 53.3% of the total installed battery capacity, while most of the batteries in pure electric passenger cars are ternary lithium batteries.

 

In most cases, passenger vehicles use ternary lithium batteries, while commercial vehicles use lithium iron phosphate battery, and hybrid vehicles use nickel hydrogen batteries.

 

Due to the high energy density of ternary lithium batteries, most passenger cars choose ternary lithium batteries to meet the demand for long range.

 

Because lithium iron phosphate battery is safer and cheaper, most pure electric buses use lithium iron phosphate battery.

 

3.3.2 Shape based battery classification

3.3.2.1 Introduction and comparison of different types of batteries (square, cylindrical, and soft pack batteries)

 

These three types of batteries have unique properties and suitable scene applications, and currently, square batteries are mainly used in China

 

prismatic cell

 

Advantages: The square battery has a simple structure, high module efficiency, and can be of any size while maintaining stability. It has a relatively high capacity density and a high discharge voltage platform

 

Disadvantage: There are too many models of square batteries, making it difficult to unify the production process

 

Cylindrical battery

 

Advantages: The assembly structure is simple, and due to the gaps between the batteries, it has good heat dissipation. Safer and cheaper. Has good cycling performance and consistency

 

Disadvantage: The cylindrical battery shell has a lower capacity density due to its steel shell. Due to more batteries, BMS is more complex

 

Soft pack battery

Advantages: The soft pack battery has the highest capacity density and the smallest volume due to the aluminum plastic film. Its shape can be more diverse and has the highest module efficiency.

 

Disadvantages: The consistency of the soft pack battery is poor, the cost is high, and a higher level of manufacturing is required, and the shell strength is very low

 

3.3.2.2 Market share of power battery segmentation

 

Square batteries dominate the market, with a market share far higher than cylindrical and soft pack batteries, reaching 74%.

 

Among square batteries, the market share of ternary lithium batteries is only slightly higher than that of lithium iron phosphate battery. But in cylindrical batteries and soft pack batteries, the market share of ternary lithium batteries is much higher than other types of batteries.

 

3.3.3 Energy density

The energy density of power batteries is rapidly increasing, and the market is rapidly phasing out low energy density batteries.

 

In 2017, the energy density of power batteries on the market was mainly distributed in the range of 90-120 Wh/kg and 120-140 Wh/kg, with a small portion of batteries having energy densities lower than 90 Wh/kg; However, in 2018, the energy density of power batteries on the market was mainly distributed between 120-140 Wh/kg and 140-160 Wh/kg, and there were no power batteries with an energy density lower than 90 Wh/kg, with only a small portion of batteries having an energy density between 90-120 Wh/kg.

 

3.4 Power Battery Market Forecast

3.4.1 Prediction of Power Battery Market Size

 

With the continuous growth of the power battery industry, ternary lithium batteries will occupy an increasing market share, expected to reach 77.1% by 2025.

 

The demand for power batteries in China will continue to rise with the development of downstream industries, and the growth rate is directly related to the development of the new energy vehicle industry.

 

The ternary lithium battery has the potential of high energy density, while the lithium iron phosphate battery is limited by energy density. As the cost advantage of lithium iron phosphate continues to weaken, the market share of ternary lithium batteries will continue to expand.

 

3.4.2 Prediction of power battery energy density

 

The capacity density of batteries will gradually increase, but it is expected that it is still difficult to achieve the goal plan of "Made in China 2025".

 

3.4.3 Power Battery Price Forecast

 

Regardless of the type of power battery, production costs have significantly decreased in the past five years. It is expected that the cost of lithium-ion batteries will decrease to $94/kWh in 2025.

 

3.4.4 Power Battery Segmentation Market

 

Rapid growth with huge potential

 

With the development of the new energy vehicle market and power battery technology, the power battery market will continue to maintain strong growth. It is expected to reach a scale of 259.24GWh by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 24.2%.

 

Industry competition will intensify and concentration ratio will further improve

 

Industry competition will intensify, and the top ten companies will undergo significant changes. A large number of low-end production capacity and enterprises will be eliminated. The industry concentration ratio will be further improved, and the top five companies will occupy a larger market share.

 

Ternary lithium batteries will remain the mainstream market in the short term and develop towards high nickel content

 

Ternary lithium batteries will continue to be the mainstream market in the future and continue to develop towards high nickel until the commercial application of solid-state batteries. Cylindrical batteries and soft pack batteries will still occupy a certain market share in the future, and even market share will further increase with the breakthrough of technological difficulty.

 

Please contact Zhikai for consultation on the following content

 

4. Analysis of Battery Technology Trend

 

4.1 Ningde Era

 

4.1.1 Introduction to Ningde Times Company

 

4.1.2 Sales situation of Ningde Times

 

4.1.3 Product situation of Ningde Times

 

4.1.4 Main Customers and Suppliers of Ningde Times

 

4.1.5 Ningde Era Technology Route Planning

 

4.2 Guoxuan High Tech

 

4.2.1 Introduction to Guoxuan High tech Company

 

4.2.2 Sales of Guoxuan High Tech

 

4.2.3 Situation of Guoxuan High tech Products

 

4.2.4 Main Customers and Suppliers of Guoxuan High Tech

 

4.3 BIG BATTERY

 

4.3.1 Introduction to Bicke Battery Company

 

4.3.2 Sales of Bicke batteries

 

4.3.3 Situation of Bicke Battery Products

 

4.3.4 Main Customers and Suppliers of Bicke Battery

 

4.4 Funeng Technology

 

4.4.1 Introduction to Funeng Technology Company

 

4.4.2 Sales of Funeng Technology

 

4.4.3 Product situation of Funeng Technology

 

4.4.4 Main customers and suppliers of Funeng Technology

 

4.5 Representative Enterprises of Foreign Enterprises for Power Batteries

 

4.5.1 LG Chemistry

 

4.5.2SKI

 

4.5.3 Samsung SDI

 

4.5.4 Panasonic

 

Part 2 | Technology Analysis

 

1. Structure and Assembly of Battery System

 

1.1 Mainstream battery installation methods (I-shaped, earth shaped, and integrated)

 

1.2 Breakdown of battery installation structure

 

1.2.1Tesla Model S-BEV

 

1.2.2 Roewe eRX5 PHEV, Marvel

 

1.2.3 Geely Emgrand - HEV

 

1.2.4 BYD Qin BEV

 

1.2.5 Volkswagen E-Golf

 

1.2.6 General - Sail BEV1

 

1.2.7 NIO Automobile

 

1.2.8 Weimar Motors

 

1.2.9 Yutong

 

1.2.10 Toyota Mirai - FCV

 

1.3 Assembly Structure of Automobile Manufacturing Enterprises

 

2. Composition and Materials of Battery System

 

2.1 Structure of the battery cell

 

2.1.1 Cell Composition and Materials of Square Batteries (Ningde Era)

 

2.1.2 Cylindrical battery material (in grams)

 

2.1.3 Soft pack cell material (Funeng)

 

2.2 Structure of battery module

 

2.2.1 Square battery module structure

 

2.2.2 Structure of cylindrical battery modules

 

2.2.3 Soft pack battery module structure

 

2.3 Battery pack structure

 

2.4 Battery Management System Structure

 

2.4.1 Battery Management System Structure - Ningde Era

 

2.4.2 Battery Management System Structure - Guoxuan High Tech

 

2.4.3 Battery Management System Structure - Other

 

3. Technology and Design Requirements of Battery System

 

3.1 Battery design requirements

 

3.1.1 General design requirements for batteries

 

3.1.2 Battery design and development process

 

3.2 Thermal Management

 

3.2.1 Thermal management technology (air cooling system, liquid cooling system)

 

3.2.2 Basic structure and materials of thermal management system

 

3.2.2.1 Main components of thermal management system

 

3.2.2.2 Cooling management structure and materials of thermal management system

 

3.2.2.3 Structure and Material of Heat Conduction Components in the Heat Management System

 

4. Analysis of battery technology trends

 

4.1 High energy density lithium battery technology route

 

4.1.1 Cathode material optimization

 

4.1.2 Solid State Batteries

 

4.2 Lightweight power battery (plastic application and feasibility analysis)

 

4.3 New Energy Vehicle Charging and Switching Technology

 

4.3.1 Wireless charging technology

 

4.3.2 New energy vehicle battery swapping mode

 

4.3.2.1 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of power exchange modes

 

4.3.2.2 Development of Foreign Power Exchange Models

 

4.3.2.3 Development of Domestic Power Exchange Models

 

4.3.2.4 Introduction and analysis of the implementation form of point switching

 

Chart Table of Contents:

 

Classification diagram of new energy vehicles

 

Prediction of the Market Size of New Energy Passenger Cars in China from 2015 to 2025E

 

Market share of the top ten new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises in 2018

 

Market size of the top ten new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises in 2018

 

Market share of the top ten pure electric vehicle manufacturing enterprises in 2018

 

Market size of the top ten pure electric vehicle manufacturing enterprises in 2018

 

Market share of top ten plug-in hybrid vehicle manufacturers in 2018

 

Market size of the top ten plug-in hybrid vehicle manufacturers in 2018

 

Market share of the top ten hybrid vehicle manufacturers in 2018

 

Market size of the top ten hybrid vehicle manufacturing enterprises in 2018

 

Joint Venture 2020 New Energy Vehicle Launch and Sales Plan

 

Top Five Pure Electric Vehicle Range Statistics in China

 

Top Five Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Range Statistics in China

 

Development Trends of China's Fuel Cell Vehicle Market

 

Price forecast of fuel cell market in China

 

List of Subsidy Policies

 

New Energy Vehicle Credit Accounting Table

 

Comparison Table of China US Dual Points Policy

 

Top 20 negative CAFC scores for Chinese passenger car enterprises in 2018

 

NEV points market transaction price

 

GB/T 31467 Lithium Electronic Power Battery Packages and Systems for Electric Vehicles

 

GB/T 31485 Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

 

 

GB/T 18384 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles

 

2011-2018 China Power Battery Market Size

 

Forecast of China's Power Battery Market Size from 2018 to 2025

 

Market share of installed capacity of top ten power battery suppliers in 2018

 

Installed capacity of the top ten power battery suppliers in 2018

 

2018 Car Company Lithium Battery Enterprise Supporting Relationship

 

Market share of power batteries with different chemical systems in 2018

 

Application proportion of power batteries in different vehicle models in 2018

 

2018 China Pure Electric Vehicle Battery Market Size

 

Market size of plug-in hybrid vehicle batteries in China in 2018

 

2018 China Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Market Size

 

Square battery/cylindrical battery/soft pack battery structure

 

Market size of batteries with different shapes in 2018

 

Market share of batteries with different shapes in 2018

 

Capacity density of power batteries used in pure electric passenger vehicles

 

Historical production cost statistics of lithium-ion batteries

 

Historical production cost prediction of lithium-ion batteries

 

Prediction of energy density of ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery

 

Sales Structure of Ningde Times in 2018

 

Sales and net profit of Ningde Times in 2018

 

Ningde Era Products

 

Ningde Era Battery Development Plan 2016-2021

 

Ningde Era Production Plan

 

Top 5 Customers of Ningde Times in 2018

 

Important Materials and Suppliers of Ningde Era

 

Ningde Times 2017-2030 Technical Route

 

2018 Guoxuan High Tech Sales Structure

 

2018 Guoxuan High Tech Sales and Net Profit

 

Guoxuan High tech Products

 

Guoxuan High Tech Production Plan

 

Top 5 Customers of Guoxuan High Tech in 2018

 

Important Materials and Suppliers of Guoxuan High Tech

 

Sales Structure of Bicke Battery in 2018

 

Sales and Net Profit of Bicke Battery in 2018

 

Bike Battery Product List

 

Bike Battery Energy Density Planning

 

Bike Battery Capacity Planning

 

BIK Battery's Top Five Customers in 2018

 

Important Materials and Suppliers for Bicke Batteries

 

2017-2022 Funeng Technology's Turnover, Profit Margin, and Forecast

 

2016-2020 Funeng Technology Capacity Utilization Rate and Forecast

 

Energy density planning for Funeng batteries

 

Funeng Technology Capacity Planning

 

Top Five Customers of Funeng Technology in 2018

 

Important materials and suppliers of Funeng Technology

 

LG Chemical Battery Business Revenue

 

Samsung SDI Technology Route

 

Sales revenue structure of Samsung SDI in 2018

 

Panasonic Capacity Planning

 

Structural diagram of I-shaped battery system

 

Structure diagram of earth shaped battery system

 

Structure diagram of integrated battery system

 

Tesla Model S-BEV Battery System Structure and Assembly Drawing

 

Structure diagram of Roewe eRX5 PHEV and Marvel battery system

 

Geely Emgrand - HEV battery diagram

 

BYD Qin BEV battery system structure diagram

 

Structure diagram of Volkswagen E-Golf battery system

 

General - Sail BEV1 Battery System Structure Diagram

 

Structure diagram of NIO car battery system

 

Weima Automobile Battery System Structure Diagram

 

Structure diagram of Yutong battery system

 

Toyota Mirai - FCV Battery System Structure Diagram

 

The matching relationship between automobile manufacturing enterprises and assembly structures

 

Battery system structure

 

Ningde Era Cell Structure Diagram

 

Ningde Cell Material Analysis Table

 

Analysis Table of Bicke Cell Materials

 

Analysis Table of Funeng Cell Materials

 

Structure diagram of square battery module

 

Material Analysis Table for Square Battery Module

 

Cylindrical battery module structure

 

Material Analysis Table for Cylindrical Battery Module

 

Soft pack battery module structure

 

Material Analysis Table for Soft Bag Battery Module

 

Battery pack system structure diagram

 

Material Analysis Table for Battery Pack System

 

Structure diagram of Ningde Era battery management system

 

Battery Design Requirements Table

 

Battery design and development flowchart

 

Air cooling system diagram

 

Structure diagram of liquid cooling system

 

Thermal Management System Structure Table

 

Structure diagram of water-cooled plate

 

Table of Material Properties for Water Cooled Plate

 

Battery Energy Density Development Table

 

Cost Split Table for Single Crystal 523 Square Battery in 2018

 

High energy density lithium battery technology roadmap

 

Patent application status for solid-state batteries

 

2018-2030 Automotive Manufacturers' Solid State Battery Technology Planning Schedule

 

2018-2030 Battery Manufacturers' Solid State Battery Technology Planning Schedule

 

List of Plastic Applications in Battery Systems

 

Schematic diagram of vertical plug-in power exchange

 

Schematic diagram of parallel insertion point exchange

 

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